Molecular Biology & Genetics
University — Year 1
DNA Double Helix Structure→Nucleotide Composition and Base Pairing→RNA Types and Structure (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA)→Amino Acids and Protein Structure→Enzyme Catalysis and Kinetics→Michaelis-Menten Equation→Metabolic Pathways Overview→Central Dogma of Molecular Biology→DNA Replication Mechanism→Transcription Process and RNA Polymerase→Translation and Ribosomal Function→Genetic Code and Codons→Gene Regulation Mechanisms→Promoters, Enhancers, and Regulatory Elements→Introns and Exons→Alternative Splicing→mRNA Processing (5' Cap, 3' Poly-A Tail)→tRNA Structure and Function→Chromosome and Chromatin Structure→Nucleosome and Histone Proteins→Telomeres and Centromeres→Mitosis: Stages and Process→Meiosis and Reduction Division→Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase→Mendelian Inheritance Laws→Pedigree Analysis and Trait Tracking→Linked Genes and Recombination→Chromosome Mapping and Crossing Over→Sex-Linked Inheritance→X-Inactivation (Dosage Compensation)→Nondisjunction and Aneuploidy→Polyploidy and Chromosome Variations→Types of Mutations (Point, Frameshift, Insertion, Deletion)→Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium→Population Genetics and Gene Frequency→Natural Selection→Genetic Drift and Bottleneck Effect→Gene Flow and Migration→Epigenetics and Gene Expression→DNA Methylation and Silencing→Recombinant DNA Technology and Cloning→PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction→DNA Sequencing Methods→Gene Expression and Microarray Analysis→Bioinformatics and Genomic Databases→
University — Year 2
DNA Replication Mechanisms→DNA Structure and Organization→Chromosome Structure and Packaging→Nucleosome and Chromatin Organization→RNA Polymerase Types and Function→Translation Mechanism→tRNA and rRNA Structure and Function→Ribosome Structure and Assembly→Protein Synthesis Regulation→Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes→Operon Model and lac Operon→Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes→Transcription Factors→Epigenetic Modifications→Histone Modifications→DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms→Point Mutations and Effects→Chromosomal Aberrations→Aneuploidy and Euploidy→Penetrance and Expressivity→Genetic Linkage and Mapping→Recombination Frequency→Allele Frequency Changes→Quantitative Genetics→Polygenic Inheritance→Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Inheritance→DNA Sequencing Techniques→PCR Technology→Gel Electrophoresis→Restriction Enzymes→Gene Cloning Methods→cDNA Libraries→Expression Vectors→CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing→Model Organisms in Genetics→Transgenic and Knockout Organisms→
University — Year 3
Transcription: RNA Synthesis and Processing→Translation: Protein Synthesis and the Ribosome→Chromatin Structure and Chromosome Organization→DNA Damage and Repair Mechanisms→Cell Cycle Regulation and Checkpoints→Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death→Signal Transduction and Cell Signaling Pathways→Mendelian Inheritance and Segregation Laws→Linkage, Recombination, and Genetic Mapping→Molecular Evolution and Molecular Phylogenetics→Human Genetics and Pedigree Analysis→Monogenic and Polygenic Genetic Disorders→Meiosis, Gametogenesis, and Recombination→Telomeres, Telomerase, and Cellular Aging→Gene Cloning and Expression Vectors→Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)→Recombinant DNA Technology and Applications→Genomics and Genome Annotation→RNA Interference and RNAi Mechanisms→Protein Folding, Chaperones, and Misfolding→Proteomics and Protein Expression Analysis→CRISPR/Cas9 and Advanced Gene Editing→Gene Therapy and Therapeutic Applications→Cancer Genetics: Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors→Developmental Genetics and Pattern Formation→Stem Cells and Cellular Differentiation→Immunogenetics and Antibody Diversity→Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine→Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering→Bioinformatics and Computational Biology→Microbial Genetics and Horizontal Gene Transfer→Metabolomics and Metabolic Pathways→