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What Are Linking Words and Discourse Connectors?

Linking words and discourse connectors are words and phrases that join ideas, clauses, and sentences in French, creating smooth transitions and logical flow. They are the glue of coherent writing and speaking.

Short answer

Linking words and discourse connectors are transitional words (mais, cependant, ensuite, donc, d'ailleurs) that connect ideas, show relationships between thoughts, and guide the reader or listener through your argument or narrative.

Types of Discourse Connectors

Contrast / Opposition

•mais (but)
•cependant (however)
•au contraire (on the contrary)
•pourtant (yet)

Sequence / Addition

•ensuite (next/then)
•d'abord (first)
•également (also)
•de plus (moreover)

Step-by-step worked examples

Connect two contrasting ideas using 'cependant': 'I like French. It is difficult.'

J'aime le français. Cependant, c'est difficile.
✓ Cependant bridges two opposing thoughts
✓ Signals a shift from positive to challenging

Use 'ensuite' to show sequence: 'I studied. I took the exam.'

J'ai étudié. Ensuite, j'ai passé l'examen.
✓ Ensuite shows chronological progression
✓ Reader follows the order of events

Add 'de plus' to expand an idea: 'French is beautiful. It opens doors.'

Le français est beau. De plus, il ouvre des portes.
✓ De plus adds supporting information
✓ Strengthens the argument with additional evidence

Flashcards

Quick quiz

Q1.Which connector shows contrast?

Correct answer: C. Cependant (however) shows opposition between ideas.

Q2.Complete: 'Je suis occupé. _____, je peux t'aider.'

Correct answer: B. Cependant bridges the contradiction — busy but willing to help.

Q3.What does 'donc' signal?

Correct answer: B. Donc introduces the result or conclusion of prior statements.

Q4.Choose the right connector: 'Premièrement, j'ai mangé. _____, j'ai dormi.'

Correct answer: B. Ensuite shows chronological order — what happened next.

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Common mistakes

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Using 'et' for every connection. — Correct: Use specific connectors — et for addition, mais for contrast, donc for conclusion, ensuite for sequence.

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Not placing connectors correctly in a sentence. — Correct: Connectors often begin clauses or sentences; use commas correctly: 'Je suis fatigué; cependant, je continue.'

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Using 'donc' when you mean 'alors' or 'ensuite'. — Correct: Donc = logical result; alors/ensuite = time sequence.

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Overusing connectors until text sounds unnatural. — Correct: Use connectors purposefully to guide logic; too many clutter the flow.

FAQ

What is the difference between 'mais' and 'cependant'?

'Mais' is informal and direct contrast; 'cependant' is more formal and nuanced — both show opposition.

Can you start a sentence with a connector?

Yes — it's common and effective: 'Ensuite, nous avons quitté la maison.' This links to the prior context.

What connector introduces evidence or examples?

Par exemple (for example), en effet (indeed), notamment (namely) — they support your main idea.

How do you avoid choppy writing?

Use connectors to link ideas smoothly, combine short sentences, and vary your transitions.