What are Acids and Bases?
Acids and bases are complementary substances that react together. Acids donate protons; bases accept them. They're fundamental to chemistry and everyday life.
An acid donates H⁺ protons; a base accepts them. Strong acids (HCl) and bases (NaOH) fully dissociate; weak acids (acetic) partially dissociate.
- 1↓Acid (HCl)Donates H⁺ proton
- 2↓Base (OH⁻)Accepts the H⁺
- 3NeutralizationWater + salt formed
Step-by-step worked examples
Classify HCl, NaOH, CH₃COOH as strong/weak acid or base.
HCl = strong acid (100% dissociates) NaOH = strong base (100% dissociates) CH₃COOH = weak acid (partial dissociation)
Write the reaction: HCl + NaOH → ?
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O Acid + base → salt + water
Why is vinegar sour but ammonia solutions slippery?
Vinegar (acetic acid) has free H⁺ ions → sour taste Ammonia (base) accepts H⁺ → slippery feel
Flashcards
Quick quiz
Q1.HCl is a…
Q2.Which is a base?
Q3.Acid + base product?
Q4.Acetic acid is…
The full card deck, worked steps and AI-tutor support for “What are Acids and Bases?” are in Notek — study by hand before your exam.
Common mistakes
All acids are equally strong. — Correct: Strong acids (HCl) fully dissociate; weak acids (acetic) partially.
Bases are always solid. — Correct: NaOH is solid; NH₃ is gas; both are bases.
Acid–base reactions always produce only water. — Correct: They produce salt and water.
pH below 7 means strong acid. — Correct: pH <7 is acidic, but strength depends on dissociation.
FAQ
What is the difference between acids and bases?
Acids donate H⁺ protons; bases accept them. Opposite properties.
Give examples of strong acids and bases.
Strong acids: HCl, H₂SO₄, HNO₃. Strong bases: NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)₂.
What is neutralization?
Acid + base reaction producing salt + water (and energy as heat).
Are all bases slippery?
Yes — bases denature skin oils, creating a slippery feel. Caustic!